IL6 and Takayasu arteritis: The presentation also parallels findings in Takayasu's arteritis, another large vessel vasculitis, where vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) senescence—driven by IL-6–STAT3 signalling—is implicated in the underlying inflammatory response.31 These findings underscore the role of IL-6-positive senescent cells in vascular injury across LVV types and highlight their potential as a therapeutic target.