When S. Typhimurium infected bone marrow macrophages, the protein expression of p62 and Nrf2 decreased and Keap1 increased 2 h after infection, but the protein expression of p62, Keap1 and Nrf2 returned to a level similar to the normal value 6 h after infection (Hos et al., 2017). Here, NFE2L2 is linked to infection.