Artesunate has been reported to inhibit the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway in macrophages after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which explains artesunate’s protective effect in sepsis models.5 Myeloid Differentiation Protein 2 (MD2) functions as a co-receptor that, together with TLR4, forms the active signaling receptor complex upon ligand binding. The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is Sepsis.