Specifically, patients with GIB exhibited significant differences in red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL), indirect bilirubin, albumin, total protein (TP), calcium, chloride, phosphorus, and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide maximum (NT-proBNP max), suggesting distinct clinical profiles related to anemia, cardiovascular status, liver function, electrolyte imbalance, and coagulation function. This evidence concerns the gene NPPB and anemia (phenotype).