TIAM1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: For the CCWGG-based DMGs, the enriched pathways were predominantly biochemical signaling pathways, specifically the MAPK signaling pathway (e.g., Mapk1, Mapk3), the Rap1 signaling pathway (e.g., Mapk1, Mapk3, Tiam1, Rap1a), the calcium signaling pathway (e.g., Cacna1f, Itpr1, Itpr2, Itpr3, Slc8a3), the Wnt signaling pathway (e.g., Ror1, Wnt7b), the Hippo signaling pathway (e.g., Yap1, Wnt7b), the Ras signaling pathway (e.g., Mapk1, Mapk3), the cAMP signaling pathway (e.g., Map2k1, Atp1b3, Atp1b1, Edn2), and Type II diabetes mellitus (e.g., Hk1, Mafa) as shown in Fig 4D.