Multiplex IHC staining of paraffin sections of pancreatic tumor tissues from patients and genetically modified mouse model (Ptf1a-Cre; KrasLSL-G12D/+; Tgfbr2lox/lox) showed that tumor tissues with overall higher scores of Pan-Kla had higher Pan-Kla levels in macrophages, suggesting that lactate accumulated in the microenvironment impacts Pan-Kla levels in TAMs (Figure 6, F and G, and Supplemental Figure 7, F and G).” As expected, Pan-Kla levels in TAMs were positively correlated with the levels of CCL2, ARG1, S100A9, and p-STAT3 (Figure 6, F and G, and Supplemental Figure 7, F and G). Here, KL is linked to pancreatic neoplasm.