For the Medalists with chronic T1D, Alzheimer’s-related immunostaining, including amyloid plaques and Braak staging of tau, showed predominantly mild-to-moderate pathology, even in the 3 individuals who had poor cognitive function, the one individual with 2 APOE risk alleles, and one of the patients whose reported cause of death was Alzheimer’s disease. The gene discussed is APOE; the disease is Alzheimer disease.