NPHS1 and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: The confocal image showed that the entire kidney organoid was filled with renal tubular structure, and because CDH1 was labeled in distal renal tubular cells and LTL was labeled in proximal renal tubular cells, the expression signals of the two proteins did not show co-localization (Fig. 3C).In addition, it was found that compared with H1 hESC and ADPKD # 5 hiPSC, the NPHS1 and WT1 genes expressed in the glomeruli of each group of organoids were upregulated thousands of times, and JAG1 and VEGF-A were also upregulated tens of times (Fig. 3D).