CASP1 and COVID-19: Our results, showing abundant expression of activated caspase-1 associated with pulmonary vascular injury and thrombosed vessels, as well as elevated levels of NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-6 in the pulmonary microenvironment, confirm the role of the NLRP3-inflammasome pathway in COVID-19-associated immunothrombosis, as we previously suggested (14).