Both IL-1α and HMGB1 levels were detectable and significantly higher in BALF from C-ARDS and NC-ARDS patients than from controls (for IL-1α, p<0.0001 and p<0.001, respectively; Figure 5A and for HMGB1, p<0.001 and p<0.0001, respectively; Figure 5B). This evidence concerns the gene HMGB1 and acute respiratory distress syndrome.