CD274 and neoplasm: Hence, a combination of immunotherapy with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy is considered particularly promising in earlier (upfront or neoadjuvant) settings because immunogenic antigens are released during chemotherapy and radiotherapy, which putatively may enhance the effect of ICI (21), and the negative effect exerted by through chemo-induced PD-L1 expression on tumor cells can be abrogated by ICI (22–24).