Studies have shown that the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine can increase the levels of apoptosis-related protein Bax and cytochrome C by reducing the mitochondrial membrane potential of L-02 cells in the in vitro model of acute liver failure (ALF), thereby counteracting the anti-hepatocyte apoptosis effect mediated by autophagy (Chen et al., 2019). Here, CYCS is linked to acute liver failure.