Following univariate and multivariate statistical analysis 70 metabolites were significantly increased or decreased (p-value <0.05 or p (corr) > 0.4 and VIP >1.0), in the specified comparison (C vs. I, control group compared to early-onset GDM; C vs. II, control group compared to late-onset GDM; I vs. II, the differences between early-onset and late-onset GDM). The gene discussed is VIP; the disease is gestational diabetes.