Recently, results from an ongoing phase 2 clinical trial of CAN-2409 + prodrug in patients with NSCLC with an inadequate response to anti–PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy demonstrated infiltration by cytotoxic T cells within tumors after CAN-2409 treatment and increased proximity of the CD8+ T cells to cancer cells based on spatial analysis (21, 22). This evidence concerns the gene CD8A and non-small cell lung carcinoma.