As revealed by the subgroup analysis (Fig. 6), the AttenNet models for predicting PCa and csPCa achieved satisfactory performance in different levels of D-max and PSA (except for the subgroup of 0 ≤ PSA < 10 ng/mL for predicting csPCa in the center 4) (Supplementary Section 8). This evidence concerns the gene KLK3 and posterior cortical atrophy.