VIM and breast carcinoma: Since the elevated levels of several isoforms of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and altered levels of E-cadherin and vimentin present in the cancer microenvironment can directly induce cell migration and wound healing, Western blot analysis of the expression of MMPs, E-cadherin, and vimentin revealed that rolipram was effective in downregulating the expression of MMP2 by twofold in both the breast cancer cells.