GLI3 and breast carcinoma: To conclude, it can be said that antiproliferative, proapoptotic, and anti-invasive consequences of rolipram on breast cancer cell lines and mice tissue seemed to be mediated via cAMP–PKA-mediated Hh signaling modulation with the repression actions of GLI2 and GLI3 along with the cAMP–PKA–mTOR signaling pathway.