,4,5 After recognizing PAMPs or DAMPs, these PRRs sensitize nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1)-IFN regulatory factor (IRF), and inflammasome signaling pathways,3,6 to elicit the production, as well as secretion, of inflammatory cytokines and interferons (IFNs) to activate Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling pathways, resulting in anti-infection, antitumor, and other specific immune responses. This evidence concerns the gene TBK1 and infection.