For individuals exhibiting a low-renin phenotype, a PACCLEIA exceeding 10 ng/dL (or equivalently, a PACRIA greater than 20 ng/dL) or the presence of hypokalemia (serum potassium less than 3.5 mEq/L) may be sufficient to diagnose PA without the need for further confirmatory testing (9). This evidence concerns the gene REN and Hypokalemia.