PPARGC1A and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Additionally, the levels of antioxidant enzymes in the hippocampus were measured using ELISA.<h4>Results</h4>The findings indicated that the T2D group had lower levels of antioxidant enzymes, Maf, Bcl2, PGC1α, and Nrf2, and higher levels of BAX and Keap1 in the hippocampus.