Tukey post hoc test showed that PDK4 gene expression was lower (P≤0.05) and higher (P≤0.05) in the TRA, DCA, and DM groups compared to CONT, respectively confirming the positive effect of exercise and DCA and the negative effect of diabetes on PDK4 gene expression, in addition, PDK4 gene expression was lower in DM-TRA, DM-DCA, and DM-TRA-DCA groups compared to the DM group (P≤0.05). Here, PDK4 is linked to diabetes mellitus.