We are focusing on advanced HIV disease (AIDS or CD4<200 cells/μl) at enrollment rather than in late presentation (AIDS or CD4 <350 cells/μl [13]) because this is the most common form of late presentation in our region: the median CD4 count at enrollment in CCASAnet centers is 198 cells/μl (p25-p75, 68–81) and people with advanced disease account for 75% of all patients with late presentation, which comprises 74% of people in our cohort. This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and AIDS.