ALB and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: We collected data on immune, inflammatory, and nutritional biomarkers from the peripheral blood of HNSCC patients and identified six factors independently associated with patient survival using LASSO regression analysis: platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), prognostic nutritional index (PNI), systemic immune-inflammation Index (SII), albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) score, fibrinogen (FIB), and monocyte count.