The differential expression and enrichment analysis in this study revealed several enriched signaling pathways that are highly relevant to cancer stem cell biology: PI3K-Akt signaling, which regulates cell proliferation and growth, is also important for the self-renewal and homeostasis maintenance of leukemic stem cells in AML (Gu et al., 2024). This evidence concerns the gene AKT1 and acute myeloid leukemia.