IFNA1 and neoplasm: Downregulating IFN expression or signaling of this cytokine by decreasingreceptor expression or altering subsequent signaling may lead to thesuppression of antiviral signaling pathways in different types of tumors.Furthermore, the antiviral response in cancer cells can be reduced by ISGdeactivation: for example, downregulated PKR expression in tumor cellsincreases viral replication.