In that context, the first study examined CD4+CD25+ T cells in only 2 pediatric FDRs with positive GAD or/and IA2, detected lower levels of these T cells compared to controls, and similar to R-T1D and long-standing T1D, although all of them were not adequately matched according to the age [11]. The gene discussed is GAD1; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.