HDAC9 and epilepsy: Thus, inhibition of lactate production and lactate-mediated protein lactylation may be the key to reducing post-stroke epilepsy rather than inhibition of HDAC enzyme activity, and it has been demonstrated that the HDAC inhibitors sodium butyrate and trichostatin A control lactate production by modulating the activities of pyruvate kinase and LDH (Rodrigues et al., 2015).