IL1B and viral infectious disease: In fact, numerous studies on different viral infections have shown IL-1α and IL-1β to induce NSCs to favor the astrocytic lineage rather than the neuronal lineage both in vitro and in vivo either via downstream induction of the transcription factor (Garber et al., 2018; Green et al., 2012; Peng et al., 2011) and, at the same time, impacting on neurogenesis (Garber et al., 2018; Wang et al., 2007; Wu et al., 2012).