AIF1 and brain disorder: IBA1 is known to be upregulated during macrophage/microglia activation in various brain diseases (Hoogland et al., 2015; Ito et al., 1998; Lier et al., 2021), including TMEV infection (DePaula-Silva et al., 2021, 2019; Jafari et al., 2012; Loewen et al., 2016).