PITX1 and colorectal carcinoma: In fact, in addition to colibactin, which generates inter-strand crosslinks [53, 54] and CDT, which possesses a DNAse activity [55], recent studies have shown that BFT and FadA, historically regarded as toxins inducing CRC through the manipulation of specific cell signalling pathways, are also able to damage DNA through the induction of oxidative stress [56, 57].