Upregulation of the Stat1-mediated response to the virus, interferon response, immune system activation, and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs; e.g., Rsad2, IFITM3, Cxcl9, Bst2, and Oas2) across all strains confirmed ongoing viral infection (Fig. 6C-F). Here, OAS2 is linked to viral infectious disease.