Stool metatranscriptomic analysis of 1106 metatranscriptomes (UC n = 184, CD n = 292, non-IBD n = 630) found an increased relative abundance of gud/gar pathway transcripts in IBD patients (MTX: CD p = 0.002261 W = 103,445, UC p = 0.07443 W = 52,967, UC-CD p = 0.3782 W = 28,152), suggesting that not only that the relative abundance of these species is increased during IBD, but they are also actively transcribing the gud/gar genes suggesting their functional utility (Fig. 8C). Here, WT1 is linked to inflammatory bowel disease.