GRM1 and central nervous system cancer: Moreover, the reduced expression of GRM1, involved in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in glioma [34, 35], and the downregulation of PLCG2, known for its overexpression in glioma and role in intracellular Ca2+ signaling [36, 37], further underscore TQ’s multifaceted impact on glioblastoma cell signaling and tumor progression.