For instance, Kaposi’s sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV) blocks the phosphorylation and accumulation of IRF7 during viral infection (Liang et al., 2012), Epstein-Barr virus inhibits the IRF7 dimerization (Wang et al., 2020), SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) blocks IRF3 signaling at a step after phosphorylation, but does not inhibit IRF3 dimerization, nuclear localization or DNA binding, the blocking were further confirmed to be related to IRF3 ubiquitination (Matthews et al., 2014). The gene discussed is IRF3; the disease is viral infectious disease.