In another study, F. nucleatum was shown to participate in CRC by activating the β-catenin signaling pathway through the TLR4/P-PAK1/P-β-catenin pathway, suggesting that Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and P21-activated kinases 1(PAK1) may be promising therapies for treating F. nucleatum-related CRC (Chen et al., 2017). This evidence concerns the gene PAK1 and colorectal carcinoma.