These effects appear of particular importance in lymphoproliferative malignancies, as lack of p110δ and p110γ in knock-out mice was associated with impaired immune response and B-cell development, and mutations in the PIK3CD gene (encoding p110δ) have been associated with increased cancer susceptibility and occurrence of B-cell lymphomas (42, 43). The gene discussed is PIK3CD; the disease is B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma.