Differential gene expression revealed that genes associated with innate immune responses (LYZ), antigen processing and presentation (HLA-DRB1, HLA-DRB5, IFI30), as well as cell signaling and migration (VIM, RGS1, NCF) were upregulated in the HBC subset with pregravid obesity (Figures 4C, D). Here, HLA-DRB5 is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.