TGF-β signaling pathway activation may enhance tumor cell invasion and metastasis capabilities through inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) (Meng et al., 2016), while IL6-JAK-STAT3 pathway activation suggests the important role of inflammatory microenvironment in LGG progression, with this chronic inflammatory state potentially promoting tumor malignant progression through multiple mechanisms (Zhang et al., 2023). The gene discussed is STAT3; the disease is neoplasm.