SIRT1 and chronic kidney disease: SIRT1, a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent histone deacetylase, is the most widely studied members of sirtuins in AKI and CKD, which exerts protective effects by regulating cell apoptosis, oxidative stress, inflammation, autophagy, ferroptosis and fibrosis (Perico et al., 2024; Qiongyue et al., 2022).