TNF and major depressive disorder: Increased levels of IL1β, TNFα and IL-6 were found in APPPS1 astrocyte media after 24 h of exposure to microglia-conditioned media, as well as increased mRNA expression of genes involved in their production, such as Nfkb1, Nlrp3 and Casp1. This mechanism has also recently been suggested in depression-like mice and multiple sclerosis models [74, 77], and communication between both cell types mediated by the ABCA7 transporter may be responsible for neuroinflammatory responses via NLPR3 inflammasome activation, as observed in vivo.