SMAD3 and kidney disorder: As a central driver of fibrosis, the TGF‐β1/Smad3 axis orchestrates the expression of fibrotic genes and ECM synthesis.[65, 66, 67] Inhibition of this pathway has consistently demonstrated the potential to reduce fibrosis and improve kidney function in various preclinical models of kidney disease.[68, 69, 70] While the TGF‐β1/Smad3 pathway plays a core role in fibrosis, fibrotic processes are complex and regulated by multiple interconnected signaling networks.