These kinases activate nuclear translocation of IRF3/7 by phosphorylating STING and the downstream transcription factor IRF3/7 (Interferon Regulatory Factor 3/7), which ultimately induces the expression of type I interferons and pro-inflammatory cytokines and initiates a potent antiviral and anti-tumor immune response (50, 51) (Figure 1). The gene discussed is IRF3; the disease is neoplasm.