Physiologically relevant doses of lactate have been shown to rescue the oscillatory shear stress (OSS)-induced decrease in GPR81 expression, reduce oxidative stress, and inhibit OSS-induced endothelial inflammation by activating Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) expression, which may prevent the development of atherosclerosis (69). The gene discussed is KLF2; the disease is atherosclerosis.