Recent studies have shown that tumor-derived lactate enhances H3K18 lactylation, inhibiting RARγ gene transcription in macrophages and thereby increasing interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels within the TME, activating the TRAF6-IL-6-STAT3 signaling pathway, which promotes tumor-promoting functions in macrophages (113). Here, STAT3 is linked to neoplasm.