HSPE1 and brucellosis: Heat shock proteins are recognized as major antigens that play a critical role during Brucella abortus infection; notably, DnaK, GroEL, and GroES are three heat shock proteins identified in Brucella. Immunization of animals with these recombinant proteins has the potential to elicit a Th1 immune response and generate protective antibodies, thereby highlighting their applicability in the serological diagnosis of brucellosis (23–28).