TNF and atherosclerosis: It is plausible that hybrid blood purification technology has strong adsorption, diffusion and hydraulic permeability, and good biocompatibility of the membranes, which can more effectively remove medium and large molecules, including IL-6, hs-CRP, TNF -α, and therefore, alleviate the microinflammatory state, inhibit development of atherosclerosis, and reduce cardiovascular damage.21-23 Additionally, hybrid blood purification can inhibit sympathetic nerve excitability, reduce myocardial oxygen consumption, and prevent cardiovascular events.23,24