CD274 and neoplasm: TNBC cells exhibit higher tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and PD-L1 levels compared to other breast cancer subtypes, and PD-L1 inhibitors like atezolizumab and pembrolizumab have demonstrated efficacy in slowing disease progression in advanced metastatic TNBC (Adams et al., 2020; Jiang et al., 2021; Zhang X. et al., 2022).