TNF and insomnia: Compared with individuals without insomnia, patients with insomnia symptoms hadremarkedly increased odds ratios of high C-reactive protein (CRP) [47, 89].Further, evidence suggests that the secretion pattern of proinflammatorycytokines such as serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) andinterleukin-6 (IL-6) are changed in individuals with insomnia [90, 91].