CASP4 and infection: Caspase-4 and its murine ortholog caspase-11 are inflammatory enzymes, known to be involved in a number of diverse physiological functions.25, 26, 27, 28 In the context of infection, activated caspase-4 mediates noncanonical inflammasome responses in immune cells and intestinal epithelial cells, resulting in pyroptosis, a potent inflammatory form of cell death.29