SNCA and Parkinson disease: Variants in several PD-relatedand a few other genes have been associated with an elevated PD risk.Specifically, GBA1 gene mutations are among the most common geneticrisk factors for PD and related synucleinopathies.109,110 Over 495 diverse mutations have been identified in the GBA1 gene.These mutations can result in reduced enzyme activity, affecting lysosomalfunction and contributing to the accumulation of α-synuclein,a hallmark of PD.111,112