However, renal cell carcinoma patients may find anti-PD-1 therapy a safer choice over PD-L1 inhibitors based on the risk ratio of overall TRAEs being 0.45 for anti-PD-L1 versus anti-PD-1 (95 % CI 0.42 to 0.48) (Fig. S8). This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and renal cell carcinoma.