NaF exposure can also activate the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway and increase nitric oxide (NO) production, leading to the expression of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) in testicular and ovarian tissues, resulting in sperm abnormality and ovarian dysfunction [35–37]. The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is ovarian dysfunction.