These included age, weight, catheter ablation, hypertension, HF, stroke/TIA, systemic embolism, CAD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, OAC only, left atrial anterior-posterior diameter, LVD, right atrial maximum diameter, LVEF, glutamyl transpeptidase, serum uric acid, NT-pro BNP, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, serum creatinine, and CHA2DS2-VASc score. This evidence concerns the gene NPPB and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.