The eligibility criteria were ischaemic or non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy with either reduced or preserved LV EF and documented HD for at least 6 months, NYHA class II, III or ambulatory IV, HF hospitalization during prior 12 months OR BMI-adjusted NT-proBNP levels > 1500 pg/ml or BNP > 300 pg/ml, receiving optimized GDMT for drugs and devices, 6 mWT between 100 and 450 m. This evidence concerns the gene NPPB and cardiomyopathy.